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Small Neon Light Tubes
Science light questions?
You have 4 awnsers to choose from...if u know a few answers just put the #'s down of which ones you know plz.
Fluorescence--Incandesence--carbon arc--bioluminescence
((abv. F I C B))
1.electrons are kicked out
2. Glow tubes (neon lights)
3. toaster, hotplate
4. the sun
5.a light bulb in a lamp
6. 95%infared (heat), small amount of light
7. bright line spectra
8. contionus specrtum
9. sodium vapor lights
10. hot enough to melt metals
11. cool
12. pulse, so often put in pairs
13. atoms or molecules vibrate to give off photons
14. phosphoresence
Let me help you out a little without doing your homework...
Fluorescence:
Is a luminescence that is mostly found as an optical phenomenon in cold bodies, in which the molecular absorption of a photon triggers the emission of another photon with a longer wavelength. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations or heat. Usually the absorbed photon is in the ultraviolet range, and the emitted light is in the visible range.
Phosphorescence:
Is a specific type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence. Unlike fluorescence, a phosphorescent material does not immediately re-emit the radiation it absorbs. The slower time scales of the re-emission are associated with "forbidden" energy state transitions in quantum mechanics. As these transitions occur less often in certain materials, absorbed radiation may be re-emitted at a lower intensity for up to several hours.
In simpler terms, phosphorescence is a process in which energy absorbed by a substance is released relatively slowly in the form of light. This is in some cases the mechanism used for "glow-in-the-dark" materials which are "charged" by exposure to light. Unlike the relatively swift reactions in a common fluorescent tube, phosphorescent materials used for these materials absorb the energy and "store" it for a longer time as the subatomic reactions required to re-emit the light occur less often.
Most photoluminescent events, in which a chemical substrate absorbs and then re-emits a photon of light, are fast, on the order of 10 nanoseconds. However, for light to be absorbed and emitted at these fast time scales, the energy of the photons involved (i.e. the wavelength of the light) must be carefully tuned according to the rules of quantum mechanics to match the available energy states and allowed transitions of the substrate. In the special case of phosphorescence, the absorbed photon energy undergoes an unusual intersystem crossing into an energy state of higher spin multiplicity (see term symbol), usually a triplet state. As a result, the energy can become trapped in the triplet state with only quantum mechanically "forbidden" transitions available to return to the lower energy state. These transistions, although "forbidden", will still occur but are kinetically unfavored and thus progress at significantly slower time scales. Most phosphorescent compounds are still relatively fast emitters, with triplet lifetimes on the order of milliseconds. However, some compounds have triplet lifetimes up to minutes or even hours, allowing these substances to effectively store light energy in the form of very slowly degrading excited electron states. If the phosphorescent quantum yield is high, these substances will release significant amounts of light over long time scales, creating so-called "glow-in-the-dark" materials.
Most examples of "glow-in-the-dark" materials do not glow because they are phosphorescent. For example, "glow sticks" glow due to a chemiluminescent process which is commonly mistaken for phosphorescence. In chemi-luminescence, an excited state is created via a chemical reaction. The excited state will then transfer to a "dye" molecule, also known as a (sensitizer, or fluorophor), and subsequently fluoresce back to the ground state.
Incandescence:
The release of thermal radiation from a body due to its temperature. The release of radiation is usually in the infrared and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Incandescence occurs in light bulbs, because the filament resists the flow of electrons. This resistance excites electrons in the filament to an atomic orbital of higher energy; when an electron falls back to the more stable ground state orbital, it releases the energy thus stored, in the form of a photon. The frequency of the emitted photon is determined by the energy difference between the two orbitals. The same process occurs in plasma, of which fire is a well-known example.
Bioluminescence:
The production and emission of light by a living organism as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. Its name is a Hybrid word, originating from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light". Bioluminescence may be generated by symbiotic organisms carried within a larger organism. It is generated by an enzyme-catalyzed chemoluminescence reaction, wherein the pigment luciferin is oxidised by the enzyme luciferase. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is involved in most instances. The chemical reaction can occur either within or outside of the cell.
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